荔枝草治疗急性咽炎有效部位筛选＊

目的 筛选荔枝草治疗急性咽炎的有效部位，研究治疗急性咽炎的作用机制，为荔枝草资源的药食两用开发提供理论依据。方法 通过二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀试验筛选荔枝草抗炎有效部位，采用氨水刺激喉部法建立大鼠急性咽炎模型，通过行为学观察、ELISA双抗夹心检测、病理形态学观察和咽部组织蛋白表达研究乙酸乙酯部位对大鼠急性咽炎的治疗效果。结果 荔枝草乙酸乙酯提取物对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用，氨水刺激建立的急性咽炎模型符合急性咽炎动物模型特征，乙酸乙酯部位提取物可显著改善急性咽炎大鼠的咽部病理形态学表现。不同剂量治疗组大鼠血清及咽部组织中IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α炎性因子数量均下降，高剂量组下降最为明显。荔枝草乙酸乙酯提取物可明显增加大鼠咽部组织IκBα蛋白表达，降低NF-κBp65蛋白表达。结论 荔枝草乙酸乙酯部位提取物对急性咽炎具有治疗作用，可能与抑制咽部炎症病理改变的发生，能调节血液中炎症因子、抑制NF-κB表达和IκBα解离有关。     

Single-dose combination nanovaccine induces both rapid and durable humoral immunity and toxin neutralizing antibody responses against Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, continues to be a prominent biological warfare and bioterrorism threat. Vaccination is likely to remain the most effective and user-friendly public health measure to counter this threat in the foreseeable future. The commercially available AVA BioThrax vaccine has a number of shortcomings where improvement would lead to a more practical and effective vaccine for use in the case of an exposure event. Identification of more effective adjuvants and novel delivery platforms is necessary to improve not only the effectiveness of the anthrax vaccine, but also enhance its shelf stability and ease-of-use. Polyanhydride particles have proven to be an effective platform at adjuvanting the vaccine-associated adaptive immune response as well as enhancing stability of encapsulated antigens. Another class of adjuvants, the STING pathway-targeting cyclic dinucleotides, have proven to be uniquely effective at inducing a beneficial inflammatory response that leads to the rapid induction of high titer antibodies post-vaccination capable of providing protection against bacterial pathogens. In this work, we evaluate the individual contributions of cyclic di-GMP (CDG), polyanhydride nanoparticles, and a combination thereof towards inducing neutralizing antibody (nAb) against the secreted protective antigen (PA) from B. anthracis. Our results show that the combination nanovaccine elicited rapid, high titer, and neutralizing IgG anti-PA antibody following single dose immunization that persisted for at least 108 DPI.     

采用儿童仿真模体研究胸部DR不同千伏照射下的有效剂量

目的 采用1岁儿童仿真模体计算胸部数字化摄影（DR）不同千伏条件下儿童各组织、器官的吸收剂量，估算并比较不同千伏下有效剂量。方法 塑料管分装的热释光剂量计（TLD）布放入儿童模体预留的插孔，在60、 70、80和90 kV时，自动曝光控制（AEC）模式下各曝光20次，然后回收TLD，回实验室测量。计算出不同千伏下组织、器官的吸收剂量，并分别估算出受照儿童模体全身有效剂量。结果 在60、70、80和90 kV时照射野范围内各组织、器官随千伏的增高吸收剂量逐渐降低。4个实验组中有效剂量分别为0.43、0.34、0.29和0.23 μSv。结论 儿童模体胸部摄影使用较高千伏可减少组织、器官的吸收剂量和全身有效剂量。     

Effective vaccine management through social behavior change communication: Exploring solutions using a participatory action research approach in the Solomon Islands

Addressing vaccine management bottlenecks, including high vaccine wastage rates, has traditionally been addressed through health worker training and other didactic methods of technical assistance or support as required. It has been shown, though, that the high level of technical skills, expertise, and responsibility required in vaccine handling and management cannot be achieved by mere didactic learning. While gains have been made in vaccine management and handling with these approaches, there remain challenges of high vaccine wastage rates and poor vaccine management practices across the board. Interestingly, approaching vaccine management through social behavior change has not been documented. Through Participatory Action Research (PAR), which is increasingly being used in health sciences, we explore an attempt at strengthening vaccine management and thus reducing high vaccine wastage rates by working together with health workers to identify plausible, realistic solutions to vaccine management through social behavior change. Select health workers directly involved with the immunization program in the four major provinces of the Solomon Islands were identified purposively to use action media and come up with concepts and materials for social behavior change communication that will have an impact on effective vaccine management and reducing wastages. This is the first documented use of such methodology in addressing vaccine management issues.     

饮用水水源地水中总铀浓度监测结果分析

目的 调查各种类型饮用水水源地水样中的总铀含量，分析饮用水水源地水体中总铀浓度、摄入量及其所致年待积有效剂量，为辐射环境安全监管提供科学依据。方法 通过现场采样，采用激光荧光法分析水中铀浓度，统计2010—2018年饮用水水源地水样总铀含量，计算年摄入量和年待积有效剂量。结果 监测分析结果显示，2010—2018年饮用水水源地水中总铀浓度为0.09～4.50 μg/L，所致公众总铀年摄入量儿童和成人的最大值分别为62.58 Bq、125.16 Bq，对应的年待积有效剂量分别为4.63 μSv、6.13 μSv，符合公众年待积有效剂量限值要求。结论 近岸海水的总铀浓度相对较高，湖库水和地下水的总铀含量较低且保持稳定，近海口的地表水总铀浓度有时偏高，可能是受潮汐影响。考虑公众影响，应制定铀元素的浓度限值标准。     

基于基因表达谱相似性的四物汤重定位及抗乳腺癌有效成分群辨识＊

目的 发现四物汤的新药理作用并辨识其有效成分群。方法 于GEO和Cmap数据库获取四物汤和1309个小分子药物的基因表达谱，计算差异表达基因及四物汤与1309个小分子药物的基因表达谱间的相似性，相似性较高的小分子药物的药理作用为四物汤的新药理作用。相似性较高的小分子药物的靶点作为四物汤发挥新药理作用的靶标，利用分子对接技术辨识四物汤的有效成分群。结果 四物汤具有抗乳腺癌的作用，其有效成分群为荭草苷、芍药苷和半乳糖醛酸等，并通过文献调研验证了辨识结果的可靠性。结论 本研究将为扩大四物汤的临床应用范围及质量控制奠定基础，为乳腺癌的治疗提供新方法。     

After “Hello” with a wounded warrior: A student journey

The article describes the journey of a terror-stricken student growing into an adept healthcare provider; representing courageous personal and professional growth after a “Hello” in a nursing school immersion experience. The journey includes the student’s emotional maturity and courage, recognizing the uniqueness of military culture, realizing the magnitude of the patient’s losses, ascertaining patient concerns, personal recovery goals and long-term support network. Together recovery milestones are recognized and achieved. The article underscores the importance of nurse education in facilitating student’s effective nurse-patient communication techniques considering diverse cultural elements, and consistently applying these theoretical concepts into practice. Assignments geared toward a holistic patient perspective can serve to develop student leadership progress toward becoming informed and engaged citizens, enlarging worldviews and a heightened awareness of relevant global issues, and spark passion related to national policy reform. Commitment to professional ownership of personal and professional growth throughout nursing school leads to positive transitions as a seasoned healthcare provider.     

中药复方治疗肥胖作用机制的研究进展＊

肥胖是世界上较为普遍的慢性病，不仅是糖尿病、心血管疾病和非酒精性脂肪肝等多种疾病的危险因素，还是感染性疾病的易感因素。西药在治疗肥胖上疗效明显，但是不良反应也显而易见。中药复方在肥胖等慢性代谢性疾病的临床疗效上具有突出的优势。然而，中药复方的减肥机制仍不清楚。因此，本文对近年来有关中药复方减肥的文献进行了综述和分析，重点对中药复方治疗肥胖症的机理进行了总结分析，以期为新药配伍的实验设计提供一些新的思路和方法。     

广州某地下人防工事空气氡浓度监测分析

目的 了解广州某地下人防工事空气氡浓度水平及其变化规律。方法 采用RAD7型测氡仪对指挥中心、通道等场所进行瞬时氡浓度测量与分析,并粗略估算氡及其子体所致工作人员年有效剂量。结果 指挥中心、无线通讯室、中央主通道和仓库区通道这4个有人员停留的主要工作场所的日间氡浓度均值分别为106.7、98.4、129.0、111.1 Bq/m³,总体平均为111.0 Bq/m³。²²²Rn子体所致工作人员的年有效剂量当量为0.400 mSv/a。结论 不同场所的氡浓度不尽相同,且其受通风、排水等人为活动的影响呈不同的变化规律。